24.Heart failure cells are seen in the following condition

1. CVC lung b.CVC liver c.CVC spleen
   

Ans.(a): Refg. 185/2nd Harish mohan

-CVC of lung occurs in test heart failure especially in rheumatic mitral stenosis so that there is consequent rise in pulmonary venous pressure.

-Histologically the breakdown of erythrocytes liberates haemosiderin pigment which is taken up by alveolar macrophages, so called heart failure cells, present in the alveolar lumina.

-CVC of liver occurs in right heart failure

-cut surface shows “nutmeg liver”.

-microscopically centrilobular haemorrhagic necrosis may be seen.

-CVC of spleen seen in right heart failure

-microscopically gamna-gandy bodies (or) syderofibrotic nodules are seen.

Ref.286/harshamohan.

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23.Negative staining is used to demonstrate

a. Bacterial spore b. Bacterial flagella

c. Bacterial capsule d. Bacterial fimbriae

Ans.(c): Ref: 14/6th Ananthararayana

Capsules may be readily demonstrated by negative staining in wet films with India ink, when they are seen as clear halos around the bacteria, against a black background


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22.Deep part of submandibular salivary gland is in relation to

a.Facial nerve

b.Lingual nerve

c.Accessory nerve

d.Mandibular nerve

Ans.(b): Refg. 133/3rd Chaurasia’s Edition.

It is supplied by branches from the sumandibular ganglion. These branches convey a) secretomotor fibres; (b)sensory fibres from the lingual nerve; and (c) vasomotor sympathetic fibres from the plexus on the facial artery.

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