Showing posts with label PATHOLOGY. Show all posts
Showing posts with label PATHOLOGY. Show all posts

461.Etiology of mongolism

a.trisomy 21
b.congenital syphillis
c.disomy 21
d.nutritional deficiency


Ans-a.trisomy 21

311.All are tumour supressor genes except

a.Rb
b.NF1
c.WT1
d.RET

Ans-RET

Explanation-RET is a proto oncogene
other protooncogenes are
Ras,N-MYC,cyclin D ,ABL

212. Most common primary malignant tumour of long bones is

a.Osteosarcoma
b.Multiple myeloma
c.Ewings sarcoma
d.Metastatic carcinoma

Ans:a.Osteosarcoma

Explanation:osteosarcoma is the commonest primary malignant tumour of long bones and Multiple myeloma is the commonest primary malignant tumour. (Ref robbins 7th ed)

24.Heart failure cells are seen in the following condition

  1. CVC lung b.CVC liver c.CVC spleen

Ans.(a): Refg. 185/2nd Harish mohan


-CVC of lung occurs in test heart failure especially in rheumatic mitral stenosis so that there is consequent rise in pulmonary venous pressure.

-Histologically the breakdown of erythrocytes liberates haemosiderin pigment which is taken up by alveolar macrophages, so called heart failure cells, present in the alveolar lumina.

-CVC of liver occurs in right heart failure

-cut surface shows “nutmeg liver”.

-microscopically centrilobular haemorrhagic necrosis may be seen.

-CVC of spleen seen in right heart failure

-microscopically gamna-gandy bodies (or) syderofibrotic nodules are seen.

Ref.286/harshamohan.



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