518. Which of the following cell types show abnormal function when there is a history in a young adult of multiple arm and leg fractures following minor falls, with a slight weakness of facial muscles on the left, mild anemia, and with generalized bony widening with partial obliteration of marrow spaces?

 A.  Granulocytic stem cells 
 B.  Megakaryocytes 
 C.  Plasma cells 
 D.  Osteoblasts 
 E.  Osteoclasts

500.All of the following are tumour supressor genes except

a.WT -1
b.PTEN
c.NF-2
d.RAS

Ans-d.RAS

461.Etiology of mongolism

a.trisomy 21
b.congenital syphillis
c.disomy 21
d.nutritional deficiency


Ans-a.trisomy 21

311.All are tumour supressor genes except

a.Rb
b.NF1
c.WT1
d.RET

Ans-RET

Explanation-RET is a proto oncogene
other protooncogenes are
Ras,N-MYC,cyclin D ,ABL

212. Most common primary malignant tumour of long bones is

a.Osteosarcoma
b.Multiple myeloma
c.Ewings sarcoma
d.Metastatic carcinoma

Ans:a.Osteosarcoma

Explanation:osteosarcoma is the commonest primary malignant tumour of long bones and Multiple myeloma is the commonest primary malignant tumour. (Ref robbins 7th ed)

24.Heart failure cells are seen in the following condition

1. CVC lung b.CVC liver c.CVC spleen
   

Ans.(a): Refg. 185/2nd Harish mohan

-CVC of lung occurs in test heart failure especially in rheumatic mitral stenosis so that there is consequent rise in pulmonary venous pressure.

-Histologically the breakdown of erythrocytes liberates haemosiderin pigment which is taken up by alveolar macrophages, so called heart failure cells, present in the alveolar lumina.

-CVC of liver occurs in right heart failure

-cut surface shows “nutmeg liver”.

-microscopically centrilobular haemorrhagic necrosis may be seen.

-CVC of spleen seen in right heart failure

-microscopically gamna-gandy bodies (or) syderofibrotic nodules are seen.

Ref.286/harshamohan.

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