26. The most common cause of failure of the IDN “Inferior Dental Nerve” block is

A. Injecting too low
B. Injecting too high
ANS. A

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25. The average force required to condense gold with a condenser point of 1mm diameter is

a. 10 pounds. b. 15 pounds.
c. 20 pounds. d. 25 pounds.
Ans. B.

A force of 15 pounds in considered optimal and is well within the physiologic limits of the tooth. Forces of magnitude 3.75 pounds are recommended for condenser nibs of 0.5 mm diameter, 8.43 pounds for 0.75 mm diameter and 15 pounds for 1mm diameter nibs.

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24.Heart failure cells are seen in the following condition

1. CVC lung b.CVC liver c.CVC spleen
   

Ans.(a): Refg. 185/2nd Harish mohan

-CVC of lung occurs in test heart failure especially in rheumatic mitral stenosis so that there is consequent rise in pulmonary venous pressure.

-Histologically the breakdown of erythrocytes liberates haemosiderin pigment which is taken up by alveolar macrophages, so called heart failure cells, present in the alveolar lumina.

-CVC of liver occurs in right heart failure

-cut surface shows “nutmeg liver”.

-microscopically centrilobular haemorrhagic necrosis may be seen.

-CVC of spleen seen in right heart failure

-microscopically gamna-gandy bodies (or) syderofibrotic nodules are seen.

Ref.286/harshamohan.

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